Anne Frank Injustice Essay

A foul play can be characterized as an infringement of anothers rights. In writing, writers utilize the component of treacheries as the vocal purpose of the story. The significance of a vocal point is essential in a story since it is the skeleton of the piece. The story is established upon the presence of the foul play and the occasions that happen as a result of it. Be that as it may, now and again the artistic piece is anything but an anecdotal story. In addition to the fact that it occurs in writing, it happens, in actuality. The universes history is tormented with shamefulness and harsh demonstrations of foul play. For example, the massacre of Jewish individuals happened due to Adolph Hitler and his demonstrations of remorselessness. The Diary of Anne Frank features the shamefulness she, alongside others, suffered for their endurance. She endured a racial treachery, yet the greatest unfairness is that she didn't make due after all the sat around idly she spent attempting to live ordinarily. In light of the Nazi system, Anne, her family, and the van Daans, needed to stow away in a mystery attach so as to get away from the Nazis anger against the Jews. Anne was kept in disengagement without wanting to in light of the fact that it was the main way she could endure. Shockingly, Anne either needed to truly bite the dust at an inhumane imprisonment or intellectually pass on inside the addition. She went through two years in that add; she had to experience childhood in that extension and pass up circumstances that other youngsters had. She never had the capacity to in reality live like a typical high school young lady and experience ordinariness. Inevitably, the meaning of typicality blurs. She has an alternate point of view on what is typical for her since she is stuck in an extension where she doesn't flourish or exceed expectations in commonality. Her psyche is modified of what mankind and love are. She is for all intents and purposes indoctrinated in light of the fact that she doesn't have a clue how to be typical since all she knows is of what is inside that little addition. At a certain point, she feels alone and sad. She fights between the possibility that perhaps getting captured would of been the better alternative in light of the fact that the hellfire she is stuck in isn't any better. As an individual, she had the right to have rights yet she had those rights detracted from her. It was unjustifiable that she had lost her life and her character in reality. Fundamentally, she passed on when she ventured into that detached domain; she had no alternatives or any rights. She kicked the bucket whichever way on the grounds that nobody has the right to live in anguish. After all the enduring she suffered, she despite everything didn't make it and that is the best treachery of all. She battled to endure however the entirety of her endeavors end up being pointless against the fury of shamefulness. In the wake of confronting such huge numbers of difficulties and torment, she despite everything didn't endure. She lost each drop of expectation towards the finish of her journal. Anne knew her destiny in any case; on the off chance that she made due through the extension, she despite everything would not be the equivalent. She was unable to get away from this treachery regardless of what she attempted. Her life got characterized by this bad form; her reality rotated around this foul play and she would never get away from its hold. She was Jewish regardless. What's more, in view of her legacy, this bad form could never leave her. An unfairness can be utilized all through a scholarly work. Shockingly, shameful acts show into this present reality to discharge torment and enduring on its casualties. The Diary of Anne Frank lights up the deplorable effects of what a bad form can do to an individual. She attempted to make due against the chances, however it end up being aimless in light of the fact that she kicked the bucket when Hitler announced the Jews second rate.

Northern Ireland Essay Example for Free

Northern Ireland Essay Inside the outcomes numerous significant components have emerged. Taking a gander at the guide created utilizing my national rivalry and neighborhood rivalry I can see that the stores are about equally spread across Northern Ireland. This discloses to me that there is a huge enough market for PC games in the Northern Ireland territory as these stores can be supported. Then again this reveals to me that there is as of now a ton of set up national rivalry, and the business I am opening isn't entering a hole in the market. Countless the stores (4) are arranged in Belfast, which can be effortlessly gotten to by Lurgan through the m1. So I would need to treat these Belfast stores as a genuine danger, and I would need to shield the neighborhood advertise from purchasing there games there and furthermore by tempting some of there client to shop at our Lurgan store. This would imply that I would need to give the clients something that isn't offered in the Belfast stores. The nearby rivalry comprises of three stores in the Craigavon territory which, in spite of the fact that not in the prompt zone, despite everything represent the most genuine danger to my business. The stores are now settled, and this implies there is a market, despite the fact that there may not be sufficient space for another games store. In any case, the preferred position I have is that none of these three stores are situated in Lurgan town focus, so that would mean there is an undiscovered market that I can go into. My clandestine perception of game shows me a fruitful business in the Belfast territory. I instructed me that a PC games store is one in which many individuals peruse and not accepting the first occasion when that they are in the store. This would disclose to me that we would need to entice client into purchasing what they might be keen on. This would expect me to recruit skilful staff who might have a distinct fascination for PCs and would have a wide extent of information about the games and gear that would be accessible. I would want to be a supervisor that has a great deal say over every part of the business I would have the option to embrace a McGregor hypothesis Y approach. I would do this, as I might want to delegate to my laborers to successfully utilize their abilities to the most significant level. It would likewise help in improving association and inspiration, and furthermore help in the costs that might be meet in employing additional supervisors or staff. Be that as it may, as I need a great deal of command over my business I may have a few attributes of a hypothesis X supervisor as I would be on the floor as much as Possible, and furthermore would attempt to settle on all the principle choices to be taken in the business. Examination of my survey results furnishes me with different significant numeric outcomes. The principal significant outcome that I went over was that all of my respondents claimed a PC. This was noteworthy, as my potential market would need to be people who previously possessed a PC, and would be keen on my products, thus in the event that they didn't effectively claim a PC these merchandise would be futile to the buyers. Quickly this implies this inquiry give me a gauge of how huge my potential clients is. Anyway these potential client may not be keen on games and possessing a PC may not imply that they could be convinced to go to my store. Knowing now in the event that the individual possessed a PC or not I, at that point expected to discover what sort of PC they may claim. I found that most of respondents possessed a PC or a Playstation. This was critical in that the second most well known was the Playstation which is an unadulterated gaming machine, and this would recommend that there is an enormous number of people living in the Lurgan territory who appreciate PC games and might be keen on my store. Realizing who claims a PC games reassure I was then keen on knowing how as often as possible the respondents would purchase PC games, to know how regularly clients would utilize my store. Over portion of the respondents would purchase their games more than a half year separated. This is a negative outcome as it reveal to me that there might be spells when the business might not have a lot of custom and periods when it does, making adjusting the books an up slope task. I was keen on knowing where my respondents would purchase their games to know where the greater part of my opposition originates from (locally or broadly), and whether the Lurgan market would pull in any of their custom. The outcomes gave me that most of the respondents would not accepting their games from the Lurgan region thus my national rivalry would represent a greater danger than first anticipated. In conclusion I was interested to whether the respondents would utilize an expert store in the event that it were accessible. The lion's share said that they would imply that a great deal of the respondents who don't accepting their games in Lurgan may in the event that they had a superior nature of administration. My subsequent survey never really additional data indicated me an exceptionally critical outcome. The greater part of the principal survey respondents didn't buy games in the Lurgan region, thus I expected to take a gander at where they would then buy. I found that 3 respondents buy games in Belfast, 1 in Lisburn and 3 in Portadown. Be that as it may, what was most noteworthy is that the store in Belfast and Lisburn (some portion of the national market) were pro store, for example, the one that I was arranging. This could propose that these master stores pull in my neighborhood showcase away due to something that lone a pro store offers. When taking a gander at the property estimations in the Lurgan territory I went over different properties, which could be conceivably bustling areas, where I could draw in a wide and huge extent of my expected clients. I required a retail property sufficiently huge to suit the entirety of my items and their design, including enough space that would be expected to introduce each part in a way that is composed and welcome the client to take a gander at our items. I likewise required a property that was not going to push up my fixed expenses so high that I couldn't in any way, shape or form meet them, and would have issues in the long haul in making a benefit or have the option to earn back the original investment. The principal property that I had taken a gander at was the most encouraging of the considerable number of properties in the Lurgan region. It was situated at 35 William Street Lurgan. At 75000, this was the least expensive property that was as of now accessible in the Lurgan zone, and cost is a significant factor, as I would wish to downplay my potential expenses. I could achieve a home loan on the property implying that I would not need to pay out such an enormous aggregate on start and not run into money related challenges from the beginning. Additionally banks are constantly keen on putting resources into establishments as they are viewed as less unsafe than most different business new companies. The property is additionally a size that is sufficiently practical to hold everything that I require and furthermore leave enough floor space for me to work with. I could utilize the highest floors for workplaces for myself or to lease to different firms. Anyway these floors need some extra work done. The property is likewise found only 100-200 yards from the town community and is nearby from a vehicle leave implying this is a truly open property. I discovered not very many properties in the Lurgan zone, with Century 21 expressing most retail properties are sold before a handout can be made. Different properties that I had found in the Lurgan zone where either excessively little, costly, or found excessively far from the town place.

buy custom Technology Tools for Communication essay

purchase custom Technology Tools for Communication article Correspondence is fundamental for any business accomplishment on the planet today. It is in this way critical to utilizes mechanical apparatuses for correspondence between potential clients and friends to improve productivity. There are an assortment of innovation devices for correspondence in the business world today. Video and web conferencing is one of the significant instruments for correspondence. This innovation helps in transmitting and accepting sound and pictures continuously. Web conferencing is an innovative headway in correspondence that permits the sharing of records and applications. This specialized apparatus is supported by a teleprecence gathering room which incorporates ultra-top quality cameras. Once more, the gathering rooms have enormous screen with discrete sound to make face to face understanding. Another innovation device for correspondence is Skype. This framework can do conferencing with up to 24 individuals. Its sound quality is amazing however on an each to one correspondence in turn. Skype is a device for correspondence that gives free Voice Over IP (VoIP) program that permits the client to have Instant Message (IM) or call (VoIP) through the clients PC. What's more, keen instruments like the electronic whiteboards have been utilized in study hall exercises for instructing. They permit the educator to show data from the PC to the electronic board permitting understudies cooperation with the showed data. Online visit instruments are likewise part of the innovation apparatuses for correspondence. This is any kind of correspondence that is over the web however balanced and message based. This device for correspondence is utilized instead of email where there is requirement for live correspondence. Besides, web has become a significant device for correspondence. This instrument is fundamentally relevant with web crawlers, for example, Google and yippee. Numerous business associations convey to their customers through web postings and in these web indexes. Other innovation instruments for correspondence incorporate cell phones, for example, Smartphone. They have huge screen with an open working framework offering improved capacities with PC like capacities. Cell phone can join propels highlights, for example, messages and web just as digital book capacities. Innovation and web have made correspondence quick and proficient which has thusly improved business correspondence and instruction frameworks on the planet today. Purchase custom Technology Tools for Communication exposition

Interprise and innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interprise and advancement - Essay Example Welcoming a great many competitors around the globe to take an interest in different games rivalries will undoubtedly make not just new position and business open doors for some individuals yet in addition the re-advancement and improvement of the open transportation, inns, and other related foundation, for example, the Wembley Stadium, the All England Club at Wimbledon, the Greenwich Park, and the Earls Court among others (London 2012, 2010). In accordance with this, the enormous traffic of individuals who anticipate go to the Olympic Games pulls in not many of the huge scope organizations to elevate their shopper items to people in general. Coca-cola is one of the official backers or Worldwide accomplices of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games (London 2012, 2010b). In light of UK segment profile of UK’s planned crowds, this report will handle the proposed Coca-Cola item reasonable for an intended interest group during the Olympics. In the end, the quantity of saw substitutes and the extent of pay spent on merchandise will be handled to decide the PeD for Coca-Cola during a significant occasion like the Olympics. Utilizing an outline, the impacts of publicizing the proposed Coca-Cola item will be evaluated regarding whether the promoting effect could cause the interest bend to move to left or right. The London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games LOCOG intends to advance worldwide decent variety as a component of the 2012 Olympic Games technique (Open. The world in a city. Assorted variety and Inclusion Strategy, 2008, p. 1). Despite age, sex, instructive fulfillment, inability, religion, political, monetary, and social contrasts of Coca-Cola’s target crowds, it stays a reality that the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games is cooperating with GLA, Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA), UK and London Government, and Trade Unions to guarantee that the London 2012 Games will make a donning domain that is appropriate for all crowds (Open. The world

Positive Functions the Poor and Poverty Has on Society Essay

There is a great deal of positive capacities neediness and the poor have on society. The presence of neediness ensures that â€Å"dirty work† is finished. â€Å"Dirty work† is named perilous, truly grimy, transitory, undignified, an impasse, came up short on, and modest employments. In America, destitution capacities to give low-wage work pools that makes individuals, willing or reluctant, to perform grimy work at most minimal expenses permitted. The poor sponsor huge amounts of exercises that advantage the affluent. They have upheld the utilization and speculation or the private economy by ideals of the low wages they get. Barry Schwartz called attention to, â€Å"the low pay of the poor empowers the rich to occupy a higher extent of their pay to reserve funds and venture, and along these lines to fuel monetary development. This, thusly, can deliver higher earnings for everyone, including poor people, despite the fact that it doesn't really improve the situation of the poor in the financial chain of importance, since the advantages of monetary development are circulated inconsistent. † Poverty makes employments to help serve poor people and shield them off from the remainder of the populace. Exercises thrive on account of neediness; models would be anything viewed as a â€Å"number game† like the offer of heroin, modest mixers and wines, whores, second hand stores, and a gathering called Peacetime Army (this gathering just enrolls poor men). The poor purchase nourishments and different things that others don't need, for example day-old bread, foods grown from the ground that would be tossed out at supermarkets, recycled apparel, and crumbling vehicles and structures. The poor additionally give salaries to legal advisors, educators, specialists, and others who are either excessively old, bumbling, or ineffectively prepared to pull in the more well off customers/patients. There is a gathering of destitute individuals called the â€Å"deserving poor†, these individuals are crippled or simply have plain out misfortune. They furnish the remainder of the populace with passionate fulfillment. They Induce sympathy, noble cause and pity subsequently permitting the individuals who help them feel as if they are good, rehearsing a strict ethic, and that they are magnanimous and liberal. The â€Å"deserving poor† let those individuals feel blessed for not managing what they need to being struck inside the neediness gap. Destitution likewise guarantees the status of the individuals who aren’t poor. In a delineated society, social portability is a significant objective. Individuals need to know where they remain in the degree of classes; destitution works as their solid/changeless estimation instrument for status examination. To end this extensive rundown of positive capacities neediness adds to society, I have one final thing †the poor have assumed an enormous job in the forming of America’s political procedure. They cast a ballot and take an interest far not exactly different gatherings in the monetary standings. The framework is allowed to disregard the neediness stricken along these lines; this has made governmental issues progressively sensible and anti-extremist as well as it has added more to the security of the procedures engaged with the American legislative issues.

How to Deal With Stress-Related Insomnia

How to Deal With Stress-Related Insomnia Stress Management Effects on Health Print How to Deal With Stress-Related Insomnia By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 28, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Kai/Aflo / Getty Images Are you stressed enough over finances, your job, relationship conflict or other stressors that youre experiencing insomnia? Youre not alone! While sleep researchers generally agree that insomnia prevalence statistics vary because of the criteria used to define insomnia, at any one time about one-third of adults sampled will experience some form of insomnia,?? either difficulty going to sleep, trouble staying asleep, or insomnia so severe that it disrupts daytime activities. New diagnostic  criteria for  insomnia  released in 2020 reinforce the connections between  insomnia, anxiety, and depression.?? Although not always stress-related, these associations with mental health and the pace of daily living make insomnia an important topic for us to discuss here. Because sleep is so important to overall health, insomnia can affect your life in many ways.?? A sleep deficit can make you feel mentally slower and more emotional, which can exacerbate your experience of stress. Dealing with lasting insomnia can cause stress, too, which can lead to more stress-related insomnia. And, if your insomnia is stress-related to begin with, being overly tired and stressed does nothing to help solve the problems creating the stress in the first place. Here are a few things to try if you are dealing with stress-related insomnia. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Tension in your body can make it difficult to sleep. While people often dont even realize when theyre stressed about something, their bodies are feeling the stress, and are tensed up as a result. Progressive muscle relaxation?? has been an accepted evidence-based treatment for insomnia for twenty years. PMR is a great tool for de-stressing your body. (As a kid, I used this technique to relax, and actually bored myself to sleep with it.) Journaling If you find yourself waking up in the night because you cant stop thinking about something thats causing you stress during the day, journaling may be an effective technique for you. The act of journaling?? carries several health and stress management benefits. In this context journaling can help you clear your mind, process strong emotions that are causing you to lose sleep, and brainstorm and construct plans that can help you manage the situations causing you stress. Work Through Your Stress If youre losing sleep due to anxiety, you may be able to relax and get better sleep with a change of perspective. Anxiety, including the type that keeps you up at night, is often a natural response to situations that need some sort of action. Viewing your situation as a challenge to be faced, rather than a threat, can help you get into an active, decision-making mode rather than remain in an anxious, passive state. Looking at a situation from different angles can help you see opportunities you may have missed. Cognitive restructuring can help you change your perspective?? on a stressful situation. Take the Pressure off Sleep As mentioned, when losing sleep becomes a regular occurrence, bedtime itself can become stressful. If youve reached this point, there are a few things you can do to take the stress off insomnia. First, if youre having trouble sleeping, you might want to get up and do something after a few minutes, when youre sure that sleep is a long way off. (This helps take the pressure off watching the clock for hours, and can help you feel more in control of your time as you engage in other activities.) Its also a good idea to use your bedroom primarily for sleep  so that you associate your bed and your bedroom with sleep and not stress. Think of getting up and reading a book, getting things done around the house, and doing other not-too-stimulating activities that can help foster sleep when youre ready. Also, avoid caffeine during the afternoon and evening. Dont Do It Alone Many people who suffer from insomnia do not seek help. This is unfortunate because several interventions can help with insomnia, including cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication, and can help you take charge of stress-related insomnia. If youre experiencing persistent insomnia, consider talking to your doctor about your options.

Demonstrate And Critically Analyse The Risk Management Process Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

ABSTRACT Today, its become difficult to protect financial organisations from risks. It harms the organisation in different ways like damaging assets, information or data. It can be in any organisation whether it relates to Business, Finance, or IT. Therefore to handle risk companies use Information Risk management. It is the process of managing risks and protecting organisations. There are many issues like information classification where different categories of information are needed to protect using different terminologies. The information risk management adopt international standards according to business context. It has management principles to securely manage organisational assets. INTRODUCTION Information plays vital role for organisations to get success. To protect information companies have Information risk management. It is a powerful source to tackle with the risks found in the organisations. The Risk management define strategies to locate the risks and threats in the organisations and also provide solution to reduce the affect of risks. An effective risk management process is an important component of a successful IT security program. The principal goal of an organizations risk management process should be to protect the organization and its ability to perform their mission. (Stoneburner et.al, 2002) The information risk management process considers the goal and objective of the organisation to manage and remove risk from the company. The risk management processes has certain predefined steps to follow and to manage risks in business. These steps include identification, analysis, evaluation, treatment, monitor and review techniques. These steps are reviewed and monito red to check whether processes are going in right direction or not. safety_flow_chart Risk Management Process (Exton, 2010) Another way of protecting information is Information classification by using this process organisations classify there information into categories having different security levels. In a finance companies like Bank, Insurance companies, Loan companies, etc risk management processes are required to provide secure environment and confidential information. Its dificult for any bank to convey information they have regarding their customers or stakeholders. The financial risks are also very high in the banks. They need financial strategic plan to protect transactions. Therefore they use risk management strategies to prevent the informaiton they have form hacking and to secure other information assets. Identify and critically assess the importance of the information classification process and other related issues. Information is an important asset of every organisation. The each phase of organisation needs information. Every department has some specific information to protect. Therefore for security reasons the classification of information is important. Organisations usually classified there information into different categories like Secret, Confidential, Restricted, Unrestricted, and Sensitive. The increasing need for companies to protect their customer and financial information is obvious. (Fowlar, 2003) The classification of information in financial companies is become important because now a days banking sectors are using IT technology. They transfer money online which is quite risky because of hacking, phishing, sniffing, etc techniques used by Hackers. An important aspect of protecting critical electronic information knowing what information needs to be protected, what doesnt, and who are the authorized recipients. Countless organizations stamp Confidential at the bottom of their docume nts. It says everyone inside the organization can access it, but nobody outside. (Landwehr, 2007) This classification method will help to identify important information of the organisation which helps to protect it. Another most important and difficult portion of information classification defines very strict classification rules to ensure that there isnt any overlapping between different information entities. If the information overlaps then it leads for redundancy of data and function in IT enterprise. (Nattygur, 2005) Issues Related To Information Classification: While performing these tasks there are many problems that a bank faced to reduce risks. The first issues that arise are categorising information into different categories like public and confidential. To divide information, review of whole information is necessary. Therefore a responsible person is required. Some time companies higher Information Security Consultants from outside the organisation which may work for more than one organisation. Therefore it is a risk to the confidentiality of the information security. Risk in the classification of information depends upon risk factors of information used by banks. The information which is more prone to threats is categorised with higher level of security and other in lower level according to low risk. The information classification issue is dependent on context and content of the information. Example: if john smith has $100 in his account then it is not sensitive but if he has $100,000 in his account then information becomes extremely sensitive.(Bayuk, 2009) It becomes difficult for some organisaitons to create flow chart to depict the nature of classification because of complexity in use of information. Critically analyse the information Classification schemes and information classification management process. Information classification scheme is a process of classifying information for public and private sector. The effective information classification scheme can be setup by defining organisations goal, which says what you want to do with classified data. The classification scheme of information is developed to categories information into different categories. The main prospective of classification is to provide security to information used in organisations. In financial organisations like bank, the information used is known as bank information. (Rao et.al, 2007) In Banks, they need to take financial decisions those are required to be confident. Therefore to protect this information bank store it according to different modes of security. In banks the financial information is classified as account amounts, saving, deposit and loan values, ratios, call reports, and financial statements. (Rao et.al, 2007) The classification of information in this context helps to provide protection to custom ers. Generally organisaitons classify information in following categories: Secret- The Secret information is accessible only to higher authorities. Confidential- The Confidential information is customers personal info saved by organisations. Sensitive- The sensitive category includes data which can be easily damaged. Restricted- The restricted type has restriction to access information without privileges. Whereas it can be classified as Colour coding Scheme, Classes, Nation-wise. Information classification schemes used in banks filter information and define it according to Classes. These classes have labels of security to access and use information in different fields. The motive of financial organisations to use classification scheme is apparently to secure the information form copying or to protect it from being damage by intruders. In other way classification of information is making it Confidential. If it is written at the bottom of the document that means the information is highly sensitive. If the sensitivity is high that means the level of information security is higher. Information classification management process: The Information classification for financial organisations is required to manage under continues process. The commercial banks need information under different classes. Most banks use e-banking for the transactions of information and money. This process requires more security to protect information from hackers. The banks classify information and prioritise into different categories according the security requirements. For each system that enters, processes, stores, or transfers data that the bank has classified as highly confidential, controls should be in places that are commensurate with the information they protect. The information classification process will assist bank management in focusing attention on priority areas first and pinpointing key areas of vulnerability.(Bonnette, 2002) For example in Colour Coding scheme management classify information according to its privacy. Management assign different colours which represent how much particular information is secured like; re d is more secure, purple is intermediate, and green coloured information can be assessed by any authorised user. Please find steps to classify information in Appendix-I. Demonstrate the needs for information risk management and the importance of adopting international information risk management standards. Risk is the probability that a hazard will turn into a disaster. (Fairhurst, 2002) Risk is an unexpected event which causes damage to the organisation. The organisations use Information Risk Management (IRM) to Manage, Identify, Plan and Reduce the risk factor from companies. The basic need of risk management is to protect information assets and the goal of the organisation. The risk management also helps to protect organisation from internal and external threats. The need of IRM is for: Information risk management easily track and find risk from the organisation. IRM requires to protect the firm against market, credit, liquidity, operational, and legal risks.(IFRI) The risk management provide transparency in business strategies. Every organisation has some vital information to protect that information risk management will help. It removes the risks in given time spam from the business. IRM monitor risk throughout the life cycle of running process and tell where risk lie before it create any damage to information assets. The risk management is used to maximise the resources of organisations. The IRM protect the reputation of business organisation. IRM also resolve the issues related to risks The IRM helps in planning, decision making processes as well. Importance of adopting international standards of IRM: The international standards are importantly used in many finance companies to implement security. There are many standards available but mostly ISO/IEC 27001:2007 and BS7799 are commonly used in UK based organisations. The important aspect to use these standards is to improve the quality of the information, and to reduce risk factor. These two standards have defined life cycle which include risk management, risk analysis, risk evaluation, risk assessment, and risk treatment steps to manage risks in the organisations. If banks have some standard then it increases customers liability which leads to more investment in bank. It also provide framework to handle issues related with security. The international standards make organisations more aware about risks. In financial companies it increases the investment and helps to grow organisation with great extent. Demonstrate and critically explore the concepts of information risk management in the business context. The business organisations deals in finance have many risks related to money, information loss, weak strategic plans, etc. The companies having risks also suffer from delays in outcomes, processes, financial problems, operational work flow. To overcome these difficulties companies make use Information Risk Management which is very beneficial for improving their financial power. Information risk management is used in every organisation whether Business, IT, or Finance. A string of large and highly public corporate failures over the past 10 to 15 years has focused investors and regulators attention worldwide on the way in which company directors and managers are managing risk. Many companies have focused on value creation as a key goal. (ICA, 2002) The need of managing risk is to meet the business goals. Stakeholder, investors and other members of managing committees make sure that best technique must be used. IRM use following steps to manage risk in business: In the first step Identification of risks in the companys are determined and they ranked according to higher threats. Selecting the risk management technique to avoid and eliminate risks. Defining controls to manage risks. Continuously monitor effectiveness of risk management strategies. Reviewing techniques and improving business by experiences.(ICA,2002) The financial director has responsibility of managing and regularly monitoring risks in organisations. IRM helps in defining long term strategies, reduction in programming errors, making and planning of projects, operational outcome of organisations, and financial transactions. The risk has different levels i.e. Strategic, Program, Project, Operational, and Financial. Information risk management handle risk according to its severity in business. The IRM track the risk and then take action according to different terminologies. It mitigate, accepts, transfer, eliminate, and reduce risk according to its possibility of occurrence. In UK financial organisations use CRAMM (CCTA Risk Analysis Management Method) tool to protect from financial risks in business. (Sans, 2002) Critically explore the different types of information risk management terminologies used and the types of assets. Information is the important key of doing things in right format. In organisational way the information is the processed form of data. Companies gather data from different sources, which is called as raw data and then they process this data to derive the required information. To protect this processed information there is a need of risk assessment. The Risk Assessment is an examination of knowing everything is going right or not. And finding whether precautions are needs to revise or not. To procure information assets of organisations the Risk Treatment is necessary. The organisations are using many tactics to control and manage risks. The Risk Management process is used to identifying, analysing, and prioritising risks according to its severity. To protect information there are different types of terminologies available. The terminologies are defined as a set of terms used to manage organisation. These are designed according to organisations work flow. The different terminologies in use today are: Mitigation: It is a process of improving or reducing new risks occurred in organisations or those might occur to harm financial assets. Accept: According to this terminology IRM allows bank to enter risks which does not damage to companies assets. Transfer: It transfer risk to other party handling risks in the banks. Eliminate: This terminology is used to reduce risks from banks. Risk owner: The Risk Owner is the person acknowledged by financial organisations as the responsible individual for overseeing the risk. The Risk Owner identifies and assesses risk to produce probability and impact information. He or she should develop risk mitigation and contingency plans and provide status data for respective risk issues.(McNair, 2001) Residual risk: It is any disclosure arises from risk completion or management terminologies. Different Types of Assets: The information management is very valuable in context to information protection and for the protection of information assets. The Informational Assets are another important aspect as organisational view. There are different types of assets like tangible assets or intangible assets. In financial markets tangible assets are also known as physical assets. (Brigham, Houston, 2007, page 145).It includes all hardware equipments used in organisations. The intangible assets are Software devices, Information or Data used in company, Policies, Pricing details, Business continuity plans, Training material, Risk analysis, etc. IRM also use different terminologies to handle risks. Investigate the risk management principles in terms of organisations information security management and develop the information risk management strategy for organisation to effectively handle the issues. The IRM has important role for financial organisations like banking sector to diminish risk. There are different terminologies used to save company from risk. Every bank using information risk management has some principles or rules to follow. These principles are as follow: Confidentiality- The banks keep the customer information as very confidential. They provide satisfaction to their customer to keep their information secret. They also do some paper work for the satisfaction of customers. Integrity- This principle protect information from modification by unauthorised persons. Availability- The availability means it should be available whenever it requires in the Banks. Authentication- It ensure that both parties wants to access information has right to access that information. The Information Risk Management (IRM) provides transparency between Bank and their customers to gain faith of people. The managing committee of bank set priority of accessing information risks. IRM minimise credit risk in most of the banks. IRM deploy Risk avoidance, Risk Transfer, Risk reduction, Risk assumption techniques for banks. IRM develop many strategies to handle risks in banks these are like: Risk Avoidance: The risk avoidance is similar to ignoring the anything else. But only those risks can be avoided those are not dangers. Risk Acceptance: The organisation accept risk when the losses are less but the profit is higher by accepting it. But it does not mean that management do not know about the effectiveness of risk. Risk Mitigation: It is a process of minimising the probability of occurrence risks. Risk Transfer: In this the risk is transferred to another group of risk handlers to overcome the load of processing. (Nikonov, 2009) Risk Retention: This process is used to retain risk at the current position until it recovered. Risk Abatement: This is used to reduce the risk from the organisation. Risk Allocation: In this, organisations share risk with other parties if risk become higher. By using these strategies financial risks can be moderated. While developing strategies for banks the IRM must know about financial behaviour of the bank, what type of risks can be occurred to divide information of Bank into different levels of security. By developing strategies the organisations can reduce risks and improve the financial conditions of banks. CONCLUSION: In Conclusion, the information risk management has vital role in organisations. It provides security to classified data by using different techniques. It work according to the principles and terminologies defined. The adaptation of international standards also helps to secure information. The IRM develop risk management strategies accordingly the occurrence of risks in organisations. RECOMMENDATION: I would like to recommend deploying Information Risk Management strategies in financial organisations because the financial information is open to threats and hackers always in deed to hack that information. And most importantly the organisations must use international standards.

Essay on Movie Review of Gladiator the Movie - 803 Words

TITLE: GLADIATOR PLOT: The story is about Maximus, one of the leading generals in the Roman army. He led the Romans to victory in a decisive battle with the Barbarians that ended a long war between them. This victory helped him gain trust and favour from the old Emperor Marcus Aurelius, which is now old and near his end. Emperor Aurelius wishes to appoint Maximus as the temporary leader of Rome, even though he has a son, Commodus. Commodus, being told by his father that he would not be the appointed emperor, murders Marcus in a fit of rage and claims the throne. He then ordered the execution of Maximus to secure his claim to the throne. Maximus escaped execution, but he was unable to save his son and wife in Spain from the soldiers†¦show more content†¦Maximus dies in Lucilla’s arms joining his son and wife in the afterlife. CONFLICT: The conflict in this story happened when the antagonist (Commodus) claims the throne and ordered the execution of the story’s protagonist (Maximus). Maximus was able to escape death but was unable to save his family. The story stirs up when Maximus, in a twist of fate became a gladiator in the coliseum of the emperor. There he fought his way up and earned the favour of the masses, Maximus then ends up duelling Commodus in a match of life and death. CHARACTER ANALYSIS: Maximus Decimus Meridius - The protagonist in the story, he was a general that led the Romans to victory against the Barbarians which made him earn the favor of Marcus Aurelius. Maximus is a brave man that seeks justice and vengeance for his murdered family. Commodus - The antagonist in the story, he is the son of Marcus Aurelius. Commodus is an arrogant man who lusts for power which led him into killing his own father and would do anything to get rid of anyone that may threaten his claim to the throne. Lucilla - Lucilla is the daughter of Marcus Aurelius and the brother of Commodus whom lusts for her. She has been recently widowed and was left with a son, Lucius Verus. Juba - An African hunter who was taken from his home and family by slave traders. He then becomes a gladiator with Maximus and was Maximuss closest ally during their shared hardships. Senator Gracchus - One of the senators who opposedShow MoreRelatedGladiator, by Ridley Scott1120 Words   |  5 Pagesdoesn’t love a movie where the protagonist is off on a quest for revenge in numerous action sequences for his taste of sweet, sweet revenge? When breaking films into this type of category, one film that stands out among the rest has to be Gladiator. Gladiator can be argued as one of the greatest action movies of all time, and for good reasons. The soundtrack, dialogue, and characters have no equal in the revenge action category of film, and can be considered tops of pure action films. Gladiator is a perfectlyRead MoreGladiator Movie. vs History1409 Words   |  6 Pagesactually cared about the citizens of Rome. The movie Gladiator portrays Roman life and the gladiatorial games. Really though, how does the movie compare to the history of the Roman Empire? I am really interested in the actual history of the gladiators and the movie is one of my favorites. That’s why I c hose to do my review on it and I came to find out that the movie didn’t give me the information on the real life and times of the gladiators. In the movie, after the death of the emperor, Maximus becomesRead More Gladiator Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesGladiator There have been many sports movies made over the years. Some have been good, while others have been flops. Many sports movies have not been considered overall good movies simply because they were sports movies. I feel that one of the best and most overlooked sports movies of all time is the movie Gladiator. Gladiator is not only a good sports movie, but it is an all around good movie. Before we can call an all around movie a good movie, we must first define what a good movie isRead MorePompeii, By Janet Scott Batchler And Lee Batchler929 Words   |  4 PagesThe film that I selected for this film review is Pompeii, a 2014 historical disaster movie that was directed by Paul W.S. Anderson and written by Janet Scott Batchler and Lee Batchler. The movie was adapted from a 2003 book with the same title that was written by Robert Harris. I chose Pompeii because I heard about the devastating event that took place in the ancient Roman city in various television programs and books. As a result, I wanted to learn more about the event and the daily life of PompeiiRead MoreIs the Movie Twelve Years a Slave a Good Movie of Its Genre? Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesmovies, he/she expects any movie that goes under the category of action to be violent with the movie hero to be victorious and the movie villain to be defeated. Besides, if one is watching any comedy movie, he/she is expecting the movie to have a satisfying ending, as a matter of fact, it would be adequate to say that it will have a happy ending for the audience and most movie characters. This essay will focus on the slavery drama movie Twelve Years a Slave to show how this movie gives the audience theRead MoreSummary Of The Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins961 Words   |  4 PagesJaye Ghio Period 1 Hunger Games Review As I read The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, the story seemed familiar on a personal level although I had never read the book or saw the movie before. The descriptions of the lives of teenagers Cato, Katniss, Peeta, and Gale and their battle scenes was like a mixture of video-war games, ancient Roman gladiator battles, and some reality TV shows I’ve watched. The story made me think about almost any video war gameRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour - Movie Review4166 Words   |  17 PagesORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MOVIE REVIEW ON GLADIATOR GMBA January 2008 Avinash Anand â€Å"We mortals are but Shadows and Dust Maximus†¦ Shadows and Dust!† - Proximo Summary The movie, set in 180 A.D. traces the journey of a man who goes from being a trusted army General to the Emperor of Rome to a Slave to a Gladiator who eventually defies the Empire to exact his revenge and ensure that Rome gets converted back into a Republic. The movie highlights various aspects of inter personal relationshipsRead MoreReview of the Gladiator Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesReview of the Gladiator At start of the film the shots are close up to the Robin seating on the branch. A Robin has connotations of winter and morning, as this is the time when the Robins usually come out and bird is a symbol of freedom. We then return to the shotRead MoreAfrican Studies: African Experience Analysis Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Anything above the line is alive, anything below the line is dead.† The experience is continued all the way from beginning to the current time and you have to know all the stages to fully understand the true African experience. For my critical review of scholarship I will talk about my current favorite book, â€Å"Something Torn and New, African Renaissance,† by Nguigi Wa Thiong’o. I will use class discussion and the book to undertake the African experience. A scholar by the name of Dr. Carr said,Read MoreHardships Of The Film Industry1886 Words   |  8 PagesHardships of the Film industry throughout history we as humans have found many ways to keep our selves entertained. From bloodshed in the arena with gladiators, to medieval knights in the joust and theatrical plays, we have created these these eye catching showings to keep our selves enticed. One of the greatest invention for entertainment so far is film making for tv. The director, editor and producer who are dedicated to their profession have put out amazing masterpieces together to show their

The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros Essay example

The House on Mango Street, is written by Sandra Cisneros. Sandra Cisneros was born and grew up in Chicago. She was raised by her mother and father who were both of Mexican descent. She grew up in a relatively large family; she was the third child out of seven children. Cisneros’ childhood consisted of her growing up in one of Chicago’s Puerto Rican neighborhoods. As a child she also traveled back and forth to Mexico with her family. Understanding Cisneros’ background is important for understanding the novel because the main character in the novel, Esperanza, shares many similarities and almost resembles Cisneros. The House on Mango Street is composed of many chapters; these chapters are written as short descriptions that have been†¦show more content†¦The family’s new home is located in the center of a crowded Latino neighborhood in Chicago, also very similar to the up-bringing of Cisneros. Chicago is important to the setting of the story and to understanding the underlining meanings, because Chicago is a city where many of the poor areas are racially segregated. As soon as she arriving to her new home Esperanza promises herself that she will someday leave Mango Street and have a house all her own, a house which resembles the American dream, white fence, and huge yard. During the year covered in the novel Esperanza matures significantly, both in a sexual and emotional manner. The novel as it is broken into chapters, short stories, almost charts and illustrates her life as she makes friends, develops her first crush, and endures sexual assault. The charting of Esperanza life is mainly done through the stories of many of Esperanza’s neighbors. The stories giving a full picture of the neighborhood and the life which Esperanza is living on a day to day basis. It’s interesting because many of the stories, specially of the women in Esperanza’s neighborhood, allows the reader to assume that the lives of these women, which include abuse, male dominance, and lack of freedom are all possible outcomes and paths of Esperanza’s future. After moving to the house, Esperanza quickly becomes friends with Lucy and Rachel, two girls whom are also Mexican-American and who live only across the street from her. Lucy, Rachel, Esperanza,Show MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1132 Words   |  5 Pageslives. In the collection of short stories, The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, she focuses on a young Hispanic girl named Esperanza Cordero who grew up on Mango Street. As she is changing and maturing, she writes down her experiences about discrimination of gender, sexual orientation, and more. Esperanza s transformation from a young and innocent girl to a mature woman is displayed through her self-realization and experiences that help Cisneros reveal how one s own experiences can lead toRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1297 Words   |  6 Pagesto think of a story to create, most of the advice given to them is â€Å"write what you know.† This was perfect advice for Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros, who draws upon her coming-of-age events throughout her childhood and adolescence in â€Å"The House on Mango Street.† Drawing from life stories, her alter ego â€Å"Esperanza† describes everything from the house she lived in, to the hair on people’s heads. These personal stories show a stark contrast for any reader of a different culture, and confirmRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros913 Words   |  4 Pagesvignettes that made up â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, a coming-of-age novel by Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros. Cisneros in this specific vignette reveals the inherent oppressiveness of all marriages, which by their nature rob people of their independence. Sally is not even eight grades and she gets married. Her husband is a marshmallow salesman that she meets at a school bazaar. She moves to another state where is legal their marriage. Sally tells Esperanza about her house and domestic objects thatRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1854 Words   |  8 Pages The Street That Changed a Life The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, displays a great emphasis on culture and people helping form a young girl into a young lady. The main character, Esperanza, has to navigate a mentally and physically challenging life growing up in a poor, Hispanic neighborhood while still learning how to mature and rise above the poverty that surrounds her. Thus, the question arises: in what way and to what extent does close human interaction change Esperanza’s lifeRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros886 Words   |  4 PagesThe House on Mango Street is a novel by Sandra Cisneros. The novel is acclaimed by critics and used in schools all around the world. â€Å"The House on Mango Street† is about a young Latina girl who is about the age of 12 when the novel begins. Sandra’s novels have sold over two million copies. Sandra was born on December 20, 1984, in Chicago, Illinois. In 2016, President Barack Obama presented her with the medal of ‘Nat ional Medal of Arts’. Title: The House on Mango Street Author: Sandra Cisneros TheRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros2004 Words   |  9 PagesIn The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, twelve-year-old Esperanza Cordero must navigate through the trials and tribulations that one can associate when encountering young adulthood. The author Cisneros, utilizes her unique writing style of vignettes to illustrate the narrative voice of Esperanza in her text. A major theme that can be seen as the most prominent thus far, is on the feminist role of Esperanza as a female in her Latin American culture. The House on Mango Street is an overallRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros753 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you look at the cover of the book, The House on Mango Street, you see bright colors and a fun font. The first vignette that Sandra Cisneros writes is about Esperanza, a young Latino girl wishing that she had her own house, a house with trees and white fences. The way that Cisneros writes screams â€Å"little girl.† Howe ver, as you dive deeper into the book, the subject of each vignette gets darker. Slowly, we start to see the dangers of growing up as a young Latino girl in a Chicago neighborhoodRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe House on Mango Street, a novella by Sandra Cisneros, revolves around the idea of a developing Latino girl facing the difficulties of transitioning to a young mature woman. Esperanza moves into a house on Mango Street, where she meets many diverse influential people as she attempts to discover her true identity and understanding of the world. While doing this, she encounters the struggles of her community, socioeconomic class, and heritage. Esperanza’s opposing view of herself slowly adjusts asRead MoreThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros766 Words   |  3 Pagesliterary analysis on â€Å"The House on Mango Street† by Sandra Cisneros. This story takes place in the center of an over populated Latino neig hborhood in Chicago, a city where many of the poor areas are ethnically segregated. This novella uses two main symbols shoes and trees. Later in the literary analysis I will explain what these mean to the main characters. There are three main characters in the novella Esperanza, Sally and Nenny (short for â€Å"Magdalena†). The House on Mango Street tells the life of EsperanzaRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1087 Words   |  5 PagesRiaz Salehi The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, portrays the life of a teenage girl named Esperanza living on Mango Street. Though Esperanza lives in a diverse city, pre-existing stereotypes are affecting how others(women?) are perceived and treated. Esperanza starts to see how to change her community and the negative view of herself by taking the wrong actions of other women and connecting them to her own life experiences. To begin with, Esperanza always saw this great distinction

Crohn s Disease An Inflammatory Bowel Disease Essay

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that is defined by inflammation of the digestive system. It can affect any part of the GI tract, including the mouth and anus (Abbvie Inc, 2016)). Crohn’s disease does not have a cure and there is no exact cause for the occurring disease. â€Å"Since the exact cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown, it has been linked to a combination of environmental factors, immune function and bacterial factors, as well as a patient’s genetic susceptibility to developing the disease† (History Cooperative, 2014). Lauren Page is 28 years old. She was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease when she was 24 going on 25 years old and was hospitalized during her birthday week. Her breaking point was when she could not take the pain any longer. Lauren had a fever of 104.5 and unbearable abdomen pain. She had also contracted an infection in her bloodstream from developing a fistula from her vagina to her rectum. Luckily they we re able to do surgery to correct her fistula. She had a multitude of tests including: blood work, stool samples, CT scans, MRI, X-rays, a balloon test, endoscopy and countless colonoscopies. Lauren’s disease is located in her large intestines. Chron’s disease is not apart of Lauren’s family so she was clueless to what it was when she was diagnosed. It took about a month until they were completely certain that it was Crohn’s disease. Her iron was low and she was borderline anemic, had massive weight loss, and chronic pain in her abdomen. SheShow MoreRelatedThe Inflammatory Bowel Disorder Known As Crohn s Disease ( Cd )1291 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental purpose of this paper is to apprise to the reader pivotal information on the inflammatory bowel disorder known as Crohn’s Disease (CD). It is a rare disease that is usually not wanted to be discussed by its sufferers, due to its sensitive nature of being a digestive problem. Luckily, as this paper will show, it is now an issue slowly, but surely, being explored more openly. A short introduction to the chronic disease will be divulged, pathophysiology and etiology will be discussed to prepare theRead MoreCrohnS Disease . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . By: Elizabeth1594 Words   |  7 Pages Crohn s Disease By: Elizabeth Nazginov 8G1 Due: April 5th 2017 Crohn s disease is one of two conditions referred to by the term Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The other condition that is referred to as an IBD is called Ulcerative Colitis. Both Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis are conditions that cause recurring or persistent inflammation in one or more sections of the intestine. The literal definition ofRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Crohn s Disease1421 Words   |  6 PagesCrohn s disease is a debilitating inflammatory bowel condition that has the potential to affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease due to its relapsing and remitting nature decreases a persons quality of life and can lead to complications such as abscesses and fistulae formation, which then require recurrent surgical interventions. The therapeutic endpoint in Crohns disease management is to induce and sustain remission, decrease complications, hospitalisations and surgeries. ThereforeRead MoreInflammatory Bowel Disease ( Ibd )1434 Words   |  6 Pages Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be defined as the chronic condition (it is persistent/ long-standing disease) resulting from inappropriate mucosal immune activation. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can start at any age. However, it is frequently seen among teenagers And also among young adults in their early twenties, both genders can be affected by this disease. There are two conditions that traditionally comprise inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Ulcerative colitis and crohns disease. ComparisonRead MoreCrohn s Disease And Its Effects On The Ileum And Colon1658 Words   |  7 Pages Crohn’s Disease David Layfield Anatomy and Physiology II BIOL 2402.23001 Prof. Glenn Kasparian Brookhaven College Farmers Branch, TX 3 May 2017 Table of Contents î ¿ ¿Abstract 2 History 3 Physiology 5 Treatment 6 Bibliography 9î ¿ ¾  Abstract Crohn’s disease is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the ileum and colon. It was first defined in detail in a paper by Burrill B. Crohn and two colleagues, where it was differentiated from other generic bowel diseases. Although they proposedRead MoreLiving With Crohn s Disease1126 Words   |  5 PagesLiving with Crohn’s Disease Sharon is a 17 year old young women, her mother noticed that Sharon had lost a significant amount of weight, and she looked pale and had dark circles under her eyes. Sharon was complaining of severe diarrhea, stomach cramps, and after battling this for weeks she was extremely tired. 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Natural Law And Human Law - 1515 Words

‘An unjust law cannot be a valid law’ In the light of Natural Law and Positivist theories, assess the accuracy of the above statement. Intro Natural law Natural Law Theory seeks to explain ‘Law’ as a phenomenon which in order to be valid must meet the standards of a ‘higher law’ based on morality. Natural law is so called because it is believed to exist independently of human will. It is ‘natural’ in the sense that it is not humanly created. Natural law theories are theories about the relation between the moral natural law and positive human law. Natural law theories vary in aims and content but they share one central idea: that there is a kind of higher (non-human) ‘law’, based on morality, against which the moral or legal validity of human law can be measured . There are two basic types of Natural Law Theory, those where the ‘higher law’ is set by God as revealed in scriptures (Theological) and those where the ‘higher law’ is based on morality discoverable through ‘reason’ (Secular). Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Socrates, Plato and Aristotle identified moral behaviour or thinking with justice. ‘The moral man was the just man and the moral state was the just state’. This causes an issue of what suffices a just person and a just state. Socrates (470-399 BC) Socrates argued that there were principles of morality which it was possible to discover through reason and man-made Law based on these principles would be the product of correct reasoning. Plato (428-348 BC) DevelopedShow MoreRelatedAquinas On Natural Law And Human Law1380 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"Aquinas on Natural Law and Human Law† and â€Å"Aquinas on Happiness and the Kinds of Laws† by Thomas Aquinas and in â€Å"Utilitarianism† and â€Å"On Liberty† by John Stuart Mill they discuss their version of the ideal society that we should be living in. Aquinas asserts that all humans must strive to find happiness and God while Mill claims that the good life is one of maximizing pleasure that our society must help create. Aquinas thinks the common good is for all, while Mill does not think that everyoneRead MoreNatural Law Enforces Human Rights907 Words   |  4 PagesNatural Law enforces human rights. 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I am positive that we do not, and in fact, as much as society wants to, we go against our morals and lead with our ‘feelings’. These feelings may feel right, but it doesn’t mean they will lead you in the right path to fulfil your ultimate end, true happiness. HitlerRead MoreNatural Law : The Human Conception Of Justice Or Moral Right1181 Words   |  5 PagesNatural law can be defined broadly as a philosophical belief that the human conception of justice or moral right is common to all humans and derived from nature. However it’s definition has been highly debated across history and therefore different definitions must be used as to not misinterpret the ideas and principles of different strains of thought within natural law (Boucher, 2009, P.19). It is also very important to distinguish how rights are understood in natural law, which is another contestedRead MoreGeorge Hobbes And Locke s Theories On Government, Human Nature, And Natural Law1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthat change their trajectory to land close to each other but not in the same place. Much is the same when comparing Hobbes’ and Locke’s theories on government, human nature, and natural law. Both may come to the same conclusion about the existence of natural laws and how that shapes human nature. However, they disagree on what the natural law would be comprised of. The same can be said for how differently they view the origins and role of governments. Hobbes would argue that governments are made fromRead MoreUniversalist Theory Of Universalism1237 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess. The justification for this rises from human nature, which is a shared vulnerability of suffering and demands universal reasoning. It also involves religion mandates and existing moral codes. It contrasts moral relativism, which claims that moral truths are relative to personal, historical, cultural , and social circumstances. There are three Universalist theories. They include Rationalism, Legalism, and Natural Lae. The focus of this discussion is Natural Lae. It is a moral theory that claims jurisprudenceRead MoreThe Theory Of Natural Law876 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of natural law in his works of the New Testament. In Paul makes use of the concept of natural law in his works of the New Testament. In Romans, the messages are written in such a way that they depict the idea of natural law, which can be attributed to God’s creation. This situation implies that natural law is directly linked to the laws that dictate the relationship between God and human beings as He created the world. These further shows that the laws are referred to as being natural becauseRead MoreThomas Aquinas And The Natural Law895 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is human law? In his â€Å"Summa Theologica† Aquinas explains that â€Å"It would seem that there is not a human law. For the natur al law is a participation of the eternal law.† Now through the eternal law all things are most orderly, as Augustine states (De Lib. Arb. i, 6). â€Å"Therefore, the natural law suffices for the ordering of all human affairs. Consequently, there is no need for a human law.† Aquinas explains that â€Å"Natural Law is a theory that says that there is an existence of a law that is

Offer and acceptance of advance repudiation Free Essays

string(183) " Hochster v De La Tour\[7\] made it clear that damage can be claimed immediately on the basis of an accepted anticipatory breach without any need to wait for the time of performance\." Introduction Repudiation in the present sense occurs where a party indicates, either expressly or impliedly, by words or conduct that he does not intend to honor his obligations when they fall due in the future.(Richards, 2004) and (Furmston, 2006) p.688 It must be observed that, even if the party wrongfully repudiates all further liability, the contract will not automatically come to an end. We will write a custom essay sample on Offer and acceptance of advance repudiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sinceits termination is the converse of its creation, principle demands that it should not be recognized unless this is what both party intend. The familiar test of offer and acceptance serves to determine their common intention. Where A and B are parties to an executor contract and A indicates that he is no longer able or willing to perform his outstanding obligations, he in effect makes an offer that the contract shall be discharged.(Furmston, 2006) Therefore B is presented with an option. He may either refuse or accept the offer as in Denmark Productions Ltd v Boscobel Productions Ltd[1]. More precisely, he may either affirm the contract by treating it as still in force or on the other hand he may treat it as finally and conclusively discharged. The consequences vary according to the choice that he prefers.(Furmston, 2006). Once the innocent party has elected to affirm or for that matter to treat the contract as discharged, he cannot retract his election. In Panchaud Freres SA v Etablissements General Grain Co.[2] it was held that affirmation is really a species of waiver that results in an innocent party being stopped form alternating his election.(Richards, 2004) 1. The lapse of time: The injured party does have time to decide whether to affirm or terminate the contract but doing nothing for too long may be seen as affirmation as in the case StoczniaGdanska SA v Latvian Shipping[3]. (Koffman and Macdonald, 2004) The Court of Appeal recognized that there was a period prior to the election when the non-breaching party was making up its mind whether to terminate or affirm. In this period the contract and the right to terminate were both kept alive. As Rix LJ noted, this period cannot extend indefinitely and inaction over a sufficiently lengthy period may be held to constitute affirmation. In addition, since the contract remains alive until the non-breaching party terminates, the non-breaching party will be subject to the same risks that affect the non-breaching party who formally affirms. (Poole, 2008) 2. Accepting the breach: An anticipatory breach of contract entitles the innocent party to terminate performance of the contract immediately. The novel feature of anticipatory breach is that acceptance of the breach entitles the innocent party to claim damages at the date of acceptance of the breach. He does not have to wait until the date fixed for performance, even though this has the effect of accelerating the obligations of the party in breach. It does seem illogical to say that a party can be in breach of contract before the time fixed for performance under the contract(McKendrick, 2009). The innocent party may choose to immediately terminate the contract and sue for damages even though the date for actual performance has not passed. This choice arises, it is said, because the other party has repudiated the contract by her actions.(Atiyah and Smith, 2006) Where the innocent party does decide to terminate performance of the contract he must give notice to the party in breach that he is accepting the anticipatory breach (or otherwise overtly evidence his acceptance of the breach) and he must not inconsistently with his decision to accept the breach (McKendrick, 2009). The innocent party has the right to elect to accept the repudiation as discharging the contract with the result that all his future obligations under the contract come to an end, as do the obligations of the guilty party, though here his obligation to pay damages arises by operation of law, as stated in Moschi v Lep Air Services Ltd.[4](Richards, 2004) There are, of course, dangers in treating an action by the other party as repudiation if it turns out to be viewed otherwise by the court. The party purporting to accept a repudiatory breach may well take action (as was the case in Vitol v Norelf) which itself involves a breach may find the tables turned and that that party itself is now liable to damages for its own breach of the contract. In Federal Commerce and Navigation Co Ltd v Molena Alpha Inc, the Nan Fir[5] which concerned the operation of three time charter parties, the charters deduct various amounts from the hire which they paid to the owners. The owners objected and issued instructions to the masters of a vessel concerned to withdraw all authority to the charters on their agents to sign the bills of lading. This action was held to amount to a repudiatory breach which entitled the charter to terminate the charter parties. (Stone, 2009) The innocent party must act so as to make plain that he claims to treat the contract as at an end. There is no reason why the acceptance of an anticipatory repudiation should not take the form of words or conducts which make it plain that the innocent party is responding to the repudiation by treating a contract as at an end. Thus, a failure to perform contractual obligations is capable of amounting to an acceptance of an anticipatory repudiation of a contract: Vitol S.A v Norelf Ltd; The Santa Clara[6]. The non-breaching party can sue at once, need not wait and if he does, he can win even though at the time of action his right is contingent, leading case is Frost v Knight 1872. (Upex et al., 2003) The most striking feature of the doctrine of anticipatory breach is that the acceptance of the breach entitles the victim to claim damages at one, before the time fixed for performance. This rule was established in Hochster v De La Tour. (Peel, 2007) Hochster v De La Tour[7] made it clear that damage can be claimed immediately on the basis of an accepted anticipatory breach without any need to wait for the time of performance. A similar result was reached in Frost v Knight[8]. In that case the defendant was promised the plaintiff that he would marry her when his father die. Subsequently the defendant broke off his engagement to the plaintiff. She took action while the defendant’s father was still alive and was successful in her claim. (Koffman and Macdonald, 2004) A leading case upon this subject is Hochster v De La Tour. The right to claim damages immediately exists even when the performance is not absolute as in Hochster v De La Tour but contingent as in Frost v Knight. In that case, performance was contingent upon an event which might not happen within the lifetime of the party.(Beatson, 2002) If the non-breaching party has terminated following the renunciation, it is clear that he can claim for damages from that time and does not need to wait until the date fixed for performance under the contract (Hochster v De La Tour). However, the non-breaching party would be under a duty to mitigate its loss as from the date of termination. In Reichman v Beveridge[9], a landlord and tenant case, the tenant argued that having left the premises three years into a five-year lease, there was a duty placed on the landlord to mitigate in a claim for rent arrears following the abandonment, e.g., by finding a replacement tenant, marketing the premises and not rejecting offers from prospective tenants. However, the Court of Appeal accepted that there was no such duty to mitigate in an action in debt (i.e., the action for arrears of rent).(Poole, 2008) Awarding damages for breach before performance is due may seem objectionable because where the interval between termination and the time of performance is long; an immediate damages award accelerates the defendant’s obligations and increases the potential for errors in quantifying damages since that conventionally rests on the market value of the lost performance at the time of performance. However, the rule can be justified for encouraging the speedy resolution of broken-down contracts and minimizing the claimant’s losses. It gives the claimant the incentive to terminate the contract immediately and move on, rather than keeping himself ready to perform (which is likely to increase his loss) a contract which will inevitably be breached come the time of performance.(Chen-Wishart, 2007) Affirming the contract Charactersistics: The non-breaching party can choose not to accept the repudiation, say by communicating that she is still expecting performance from the other party, then the contract remains in operation. In this case the innocent party can terminate or sue for damages if and when the breach actually happens, but in the meantime must remain ready to perform as required by the contract. This principle that the innocent party must remain able and willing to perform if he keeps the contract alive is, however, qualified by another principle, to the effect that if the guilty party continues to make it quite clear that he will not perform, the the innocent party can eventually abandon his attempts to perform. This can either be seen as an ultimate acceptance by conduct of the repudiation, after its initial rejection, or as an act of induced reliance by the innocent party, which stops the guilty party from complaining about the former’s inability to perform. (Atiyah and Smith, 2006) On the basis that the breach is repudiatory, the usual election will apply so that the non-breaching party will have the option of accepting the breach as terminating the contract, or affirming and awaiting performance on the contractual date set for that performance to begin (Fercometal SARL v Mediterranean Shipping Co. SA[10]).(Poole, 2008) In White Carter (Councils) Ltd v McGregor[11], the House of Lords (by a majority of 3:2) held that they were entitled to recover the contract price. There was no requirement that they minimize (or mitigate) their loss by finding an alternative business or product to advertise on the litterbins.(Poole, 2008) One of the reasons for the strict approach to identification of affirmation as requiring clear and unequivocal evidence of an intention to continue with the contract, is frequently stated to be that the election is irrevocable, i.e., having affirmed, the non-breaching party cannot change its mind in the period between affirmation and the contractual date for performance (although following non-performance on the contractual date there would be a new opportunity to elect to terminate or affirm for that actual repudiatory breach. As stated by Lord Ackner in Fercometal v Mediterranean Shipping: ‘there is no third choice to affirm the contract and yet be absolved from tendering further performance unless and until the breaching party gives reasonable notice that he is one again able and willing to perform’.(Poole, 2008) It has long been recognized that where the breach is continuing one (i.e., it continues after affirmation) and is repudiatory, the fact of the earlier affirmation will not prevent the non-breaching party form choosing to terminate in the period prior to that date set for contractual performance. This was recognized by Thomas J (obiter) in Stocznia Gdanska SA v Latvian Shipping Co[12].(Poole, 2008) If the injured party chooses not to accept the repudiation, then there is no breach at that point and no duty to mitigate. If the injured party can sue for the debt, he will not be concerned with the rules restricting recovery of damages, including the duty to mitigate. This can lead to the injured party claiming payment for an ‘unwanted and wasted’ performance, which contractors awkwardly with the mitigation rule’s limitation on recovery. The point arises from decision in White and Carter (Council) (Koffman and Macdonald, 2004). Where the innocent party does decide to affirm the contract and demand performance at the stipulated time, a number of consequences flow from this decision. The first is that affirmation does not prevent the innocent party accepting the breach if, at the date fixed for performance, the other party still refuses to perform. The second is that the innocent party, in addition to affirming the contract, may continue with the performance of his obligations under the contract, even though he knows that the performance is not wanted by that other party. This is what happened in the controversial case of White and Catter (McKendrick, 2009). Requirements: The principle laid down in White and Carter is, in fact, the subject of a number of qualifications. The first is that the innocent party cannot compel the party in breach to cooperate with him so that, where the innocent party cannot continue with performance without the cooperation of the party in breach, he will be compelled to accept the breach (Hounslow LBSC V Twickenham Ltd). The second qualification is derived from the speech of Lord Reid in White and Carter when he said that: ‘it may well be that, if it can be shown that a person has no legitimate interest, financial or otherwise, in performing the contract rather than claiming damages, he ought not to be allowed to saddle the other party with an additional burden with no benefit to himself.’ (McKendrick, 2009) 1. Legitimate interest: In view of the objections to wastage inherent in the White Carter principle, subsequent courts have seized upon statements by Lord Reid in order to limit the potential scope of the principle (indeed, Megarry J in Hounslow v Twickenham[13]).(Poole, 2008) Lord Reid said that the general power to affirm the contract could not be exercised by a person who had no ‘legitimate interest, financial or otherwise, in performing the contract rather than claiming damages’. However, it would be sufficient that it was merely ‘unreasonable’ to affirm; something more than this would be required.(Poole, 2008) Thus, the guilty party can avoid the operation of the principle in White Carter v McGregor by establishing that the non-breaching party has no legitimate interest in continuing performance.(Poole, 2008) Lord Reid’s statement was adopted and applied in Clea Shipping Corp. v Bulk Oil International Ltd, The Alaskan Trader[14]. The principle is clearly aimed at preventing very obvious wastage when the other party does not require performance. (Poole, 2008) 2. No cooperation: The second limitation requires that the affirming party must be able to continue with their own performance of the contract without the cooperation of the breaching party in order to be able to claim the contract price (otherwise the affirming party will be limited to a remedy in damages).(Poole, 2008) Cooperation in this context includes both active and passive cooperation of the renouncing party (e.g., Hounslow London Borough Council v Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd[15]: following renunciation by the local authority employers, contractors had no right to insist on continuing to perform the contract because the work was being done on local authority property and they were unable to gain access to the site without the local authority’s permission).(Poole, 2008) However, the restriction in White Carter that a claimant will be limited to a remedy in damages where he is unable to perform without the cooperation of the contract-breaker, applies only where the performance which has been prevented by the breach was a pre-condition to the payment obligation, i.e. the performance obligation was entire (in caseMinistry of Sound (Ireland) Ltd v World Online Ltd[16]) (Poole, 2008) Risk to the non-breaching party following the decision to affirm after the other party’s anticipatory repudiation: On the other hand, a decision to affirm the contract may work to the disadvantage of the innocent party. The first disadvantage is that an innocent party who affirms the contract may lose his right to sue for damages completely if the contract is frustrated between the date of the unaccepted anticipatory breach and the date fixed for performance (Avery v Bowden). Secondly, an innocent party who affirms the contract but subsequently breaches the contract himself cannot argue that the unaccepted anticipatory breach excused him from his obligation to perform under the contract. Where the breach is not accepted the parties remain subject to their obligation under the contract, so that the ‘innocent party’ may find himself liable to pay damages for breach of contract if he fails to accept the breach and subsequently breaches the contract himself (The Simona).(McKendrick, 2009) Following affirmation, the non-breaching party is exposed to a number of risks in the period between affirmation and remedies following the earlier renunciation. The existence of these risks lends support to the position adopted by the Court of Appeal in Stocznia since, if the non-breaching party does have to accept these risks, it is arguable that in this period the ability to terminate should continue to exist where the renunciation is continuing.(Poole, 2008) The risks placed on the affirming party in the period between affirmation and the date for performance are not insignificant. For example: 1.If the non breaching party is itself in breach of contract, that party cannot argue, at least not unless estoppels operates, that the initial renunciation by the other party operates as an excuse for its own subsequent breach as in Ferometal SARL v Mediterranean Shipping Co, SA, The Simona[1]. Once the contract was treated as being still in force, it was ‘kept alive for the benefit of both parties’, and the party affirming could not both keep it alive and seek to justify his own non-performance by reference to the earlier repudiation.(Poole, 2008) In a situation where there has been an anticipatory breach of contract the innocent party elects to affirm the contract, he is still required to perform his own obligations under the contract but faces the danger that, should he subsequently become guilty of a breach of contract, the other party may escape liability. This point was discussed in Ferometal SARL v Mediterranean Shipping Co, SA, The Simona.(Richards, 2004). 2.Similarly, if the contract is frustrated in the period between the affirmation and the due date for performance, the frustration will discharge the contract and the non-breaching party will lose the remedy of damages for the breach as in Avery v Bowden[2], the outbreak of Crimean War, thus depriving the ship-owners of a remedy they might have had for the failure to provide a cargo, hat that repudiation been accepted as terminating the contract.(Poole, 2008) A further danger with affirmation lies in the possibility that a frustrating event may occur after the innocent party has affirmed the contract. Where an innocent party has decided to affirm a contract and there is a breach when the date of performance on the contract arrives. References Atiyah, P. S. Smith, S. A. (2006), Introduction to the law of contract, 6th ed, Oxford: Oxford university press. Beatson, J. (2002), Law of contract, 28th ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chen-Wishart, M. (2007), Contract law, 2nd ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Furmston, M. (2006), Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston’s law of contract, 15th ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Koffman, L. Macdonald, E. (2004), The law of contract, 5th ed, London: Tolley. Mckendrick, E. (2009), Contract law, 8th ed, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Peel, E. (2007), Treitel, The law of contract, 12th ed, London: Sweet Maxwell. Poole, J. (2008), Textbook on contract law, 9th ed, Oxford: Oxford University. Richards, P. (2004), Law of contract, 6th ed, Harlow: Pearson Longman. Stone, R. (2009), The modern law of contract, 8th ed, London: Routledge-Cavendish. Upex, R., Bennet, G. Chuah, J. (2003), Davies on contract, 9th ed, London: Sweet Maxwell. How to cite Offer and acceptance of advance repudiation, Essay examples

My Friend free essay sample

Again Friendship is very important for everyone, especially me. During my studying from elementary school to university, I have lots of friends. Among those, there are a few friends who are my best friends. Now I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name is Ryan Thomas. The first reason I consider him as my best friend is that he has a very warm personality. He is so friendly when he meets me everywhere. For example, he always smiles politely at me. A smile that makes me absolutely delighted when I meet him. Furthermore, honesty. He is very honest and someone I fully trust. Ryan is his own type of good manner. He never lies to me even one time, because he likes to say something true. Moreover, Ryan is a funny person. He always tells me some funny stories in order to reduce stress from studying. He is good at telling jokes, for he can create them on his own. We will write a custom essay sample on My Friend or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is really amazing. In addition, he is a compassionate friend, who always helps other buddies when they have problem. He always cares especially about me. He is very useful for me. The second reason is that Ryan has full of ability. He was one of the national outstanding students in 2010. I really appreciate him so much about this. Furthermore, He excels at every subject that makes me admire him very much. Since I have known him, I notice that he never fails the exams. He always used to get high score in my class. In addition, he is killed at explaining the lessons. For instance, when I don’t apprehend any lesson, he can explain me clearly and concisely. Moreover, He is mighty smart. According to my observation, he easily understands the lessons when he reads or studies. He is such a good example for anyone. To summarize, Ryan is one of my best friends who has a good personality that makes me more happy and interested in him. Also, he has a great ability to help other friends and me. All in all, Ryan is one of the nicest and most caring person I know and I wish I could see him again.

Advance Accounting Companies Performances

Question: Describe about the Advance Accounting for Companies Performances. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton Ltd is recognized as one of the largest producers of commodity and a leading company associated with diversification of wealth and resources. Its key purposes include minimization of production costs and maximization of asset life. The majority of underlying incomes of BHP Billiton originates from operations in iron ore activities and other activities in copper and coal. Both BHP Billiton Ltd and BHP Billiton Plc are members of BHP Billiton Group (dual-listed company), headquartered at Melbourne in Australia (BHP Billiton, 2015). These two entities exist as different companies but functions as a combined group under BHP Billiton. For the purpose of this assignment, the annual report of BHP Billiton is taken into consideration. Remuneration Report According to the remuneration report of BHP Billiton, the remuneration committee sets out values for determining the results of performance-based remuneration of the executives. This shows that the remuneration policy is linked to strategy. The executive remuneration policy is made to portray the price of shares over an enlarged period and this is be achieved after deferring of equity constituents of STI awards for two years and with TSR that is measured over five years performance. Mr. Mackenzie as the CEO of BHP Billiton receives a remuneration (base salary) of US$1.700million per annum while for 2016, the maximum amount of fixed remuneration that CEO can earn is $2.270million, pension contributions of US$0.425million and benefits of US$0.145million. The STI target values depend on the target performance of 160% of base salary and the maximum amount of STI can be 240% of base salary. Similarly, the normal value of LTI is calculated in accordance with the share price at grant date a nd the maximum amount of LTI can be 400% of base salary (BHP Billiton, 2015). These levels need to appropriately reflect the contributions and responsibilities of a CEO. To be equivalent with shareholders expectations, remuneration levels must portray the overall value and performance of shareholders. GPFR General Purpose Financial Report is that report which widely portrays the financial information of the company. It is prepared so that every user needs can be addressed, thereby facilitating in decision-making. From the annual reports of BHP Billiton, it can be seen that its GPFR includes, balance sheet, cash flow statement, income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and notes to financial statements (Northington, 2011). The consolidated financial statements of BHP Billiton or GPFR are prepared in accordance with the IFRS standards and the mode of preparation is set out in Note 41 of the Notes to financial statements. The preparation of GPFR also requires the company to frame certain estimates and judgements affecting the amount of asset, liabilities, income and expenses in the financial statements. Inventory The inventories and work in progress of BHP Billiton Ltd are valued at net realizable value and lower of cost. This cost is ascertained basically on the basis of average costs. Costs of processed inventories are obtained on the basis of an absorption costing method. Cost of production, cost of buying raw materials, attributed mining and manufacturing overheads are included in the computation of cost. In relation to mineral inventories, quantities are evaluated through assays and surveys. The quantities of petroleum inventories are obtained through tank flow measurement and flow rate, composition and calculation of volume is obtained through sample analysis. Accounts Receivable According to the annual report of BHP Billiton, it can be seen that a provision for doubtful debts (PBDD) of US$115million have been made at the beginning of the year but after utilization of US$109million from credit for the same year, the closing balance of provision of doubtful debts have come to US$6million. Furthermore, no provision for doubtful debts (PBDD) has been created by the company in respect of any outstanding values and no expense has been identified in relation to such doubtful debts from related parties (BHP Billiton, 2015). PPE (Property, Plant and Equipment) PPE is recorded at cost minus impairment expenses and depreciation. The total PPE of BHP is US$94,072million that includes plant and equipment, land and building, mineral assets etc. The carrying values of such PPE are depreciated to their residual value (approximated) over the approximated lives of particular assets or approximated life of related field or mine, if shorter. These approximations are evaluated annually and any alterations are considered with respect to remaining depreciation expenses. The major PPE are depreciated on a straight-line and/or production unit basis by adopting their estimated lives like, land (not depreciated), buildings (25-50 years) etc. The impairment events that results in a write down of an asset are carrying amount is regarded prudent in the case of BHP Billiton because this can overcome the normal apportioning of a non-current assets expenses over its useful life (Melville, 2013). Contingent Liabilities According to the annual report of BHP Billiton, contingent liabilities include amounts from associates and joint venture and subsidiaries and joint operations. The total contingent liabilities as at 2015 are US$3263million. Out of these liabilities, the legal issues for which the company had to pay includes tax-related amounts and significant litigations that have generated several actions against the company (BHP Billiton, 2015). The amount of contingent liabilities of these tax-related matters is US$1313million. In relation to leases, BHP holds a liability of finance leases of $US438million and total commitments under operating leases of amount $US2368million. Finance lease includes lease of transmission assets and power generation while operating lease includes leases of PPE (Choi Meek, 2011). Taxation (Transfer Pricing) BHP Billiton Group has several activities in different countries and the tax regimes differ between countries. The nature of activities of BHP Group triggers taxable responsibilities that include royalty, corporation based tax, production tax, employment based tax etc. For taxation of BHP Billiton, note 43 (significant accounting policies), note 44 of application of accounting assumptions, estimates and judgements in Taxation group under application of critical accounting policies and estimates and under section 3.14.1of the Risk and Committee Report in Significant issues- Tax and royalty liabilities, can be referred (BHP Billiton, 2015). Prudence Prudence is one of the latest characteristics updated in the conceptual framework of financial reporting by International Financial Reporting Standards. It requires that companies must adopt policies in such a way so that neither assets nor revenues are overstated nor liabilities or expenses are understated (Brealey et. al, 2011). Accounting transactions and specific events are uncertain in nature and companies are bound to make estimates that require judgement to encounter such uncertainties. Hence, prudence is that key accounting principle which necessitates that while making judgements, management must be prudent and cautious. Reporting can be enhanced by this concept because it removes biasness from financial statements when cautions are given due importance while making relevant decisions 9 Horngren, 2013). However, such understating of assets and overstating of liabilities sometimes lead towards a false impression of the company being in a bad financial position than it actuall y is. This can put off the investors and proves that financial statements are negative (Brigham Daves, 2012). It is obvious that prudence is a desirable concept, after all who would opt for an imprudent accounting. Until 2010, prudence was included in the IASB conceptual framework of accounting but it is a matter of doubt why prudence was further revised in 2015. In the revised conceptual framework of accounting of IASB, prudence was reinstated as an essential concept that enhances the usefulness of financial statements. Therefore, it is obvious that the concept of prudence was long identified as an essential virtue or characteristic in everyday life. Sadly, the application of prudence in the accounting world seems difficult than that of an individuals conduct. It was removed by IASB in 2010 before because of its conflicts with neutrality but the revised concept in the Exposure Draft of IASB, is now included with neutrality (Daves Crawford, 2012) Conclusions and Recommendations The financial reports of BHP Billiton portray a true and fair view of the companys performance in terms of both financial measures and non-financial measures. The reporting is in accordance with the AASB requirements and Corporations Act 2001. In relation to corporate governance, the company follows ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations. Apart from these reporting aspects, BHP Billiton also gives due importance to sustainability programs and it has significantly reduced the emissions of greenhouse gases to 6%. References BHP Billiton 2015, BHP Billiton Annual Report and accounts 2015, Viewed 16 August 2016, https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annualreports/2015/bhpbillitonannualreport2015.pdf Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Choi, R.D. Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . 41-51 Davies, T. Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Northington, S 2011, Finance, New York, NY: Ferguson's.